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There are lots of people traveling to India from all over world and staying over months. Now days due to globalization and many people are coming for work to India. During this stays there is increasing chance to spread air , water , food or sexually transmitted diseases which could be prevented if you took appropriate measures at appropriate time or even before departing to India. This measure should start as soon as u start to plan your trip and it is equaled important to enjoy.
Have you scheduled a visit to your doctor or a travel medicine provider?
Ideally, set up one up 4 to 6 weeks before your trip. Most vaccines take time to become effective in your body and some vaccines must be given in a series over a period of days or sometimes weeks. If it is less than 4 weeks before you leave, you should still see your doctor. You might still benefit from shots or medications and other information about how to protect yourself from illness and injury while traveling.
Are you aware of which types of vaccinations you or those traveling with you may need?
Vaccines for travel into three categories: routine, recommended, and required. While your doctor will tell you which ones you should have, it's best to be aware of them ahead of time.
Routine Vaccinations
be sure that you and your family are up to date on your routine vaccinations. These vaccines are necessary for protection from diseases that are still common in many parts of the world even though they rarely occur in the developed countries but may be common or even deadly in third world. If you are not sure which vaccinations are routine, look at the schedules below (Adult).Table-1
This schedule may need to be adjusted if a child is traveling. See separate section below.
Recommended Vaccinations
These vaccines are recommended to protect travelers from illnesses present in other parts of the world and to prevent the importation of infectious diseases across international borders. Which vaccinations you need depends on a number of factors including your destination, whether you will be spending time in rural areas, the season of the year you are traveling, your age, health status, and previous immunizations.
If you are planning to visit India
To have the most benefit, see a health-care provider at least 4¨C6 weeks before your trip to allow time for your vaccines to take effect and to start taking medicine to prevent malaria, if you need it. Even if you have less than 4 weeks before you leave, you should still see a health-care provider for needed vaccines, anti-malaria drugs and other medications and information about how to protect yourself from illness and injury while traveling. If your travel plans will take you to more than one country during a single trip, be sure to let your health-care provider know so that you can receive the appropriate vaccinations and information for all of your destinations. Long-term travelers, such as those who plan to work or study abroad, may also need additional vaccinations as required by their employer or school.
Routine vaccines, as they are often called, such as for influenza, chickenpox (or varicella), polio, measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), and diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) are given at all stages of life. Routine vaccines are recommended even if you do not travel. Although childhood diseases, such as measles, rarely occur in the United States, they are still common in many parts of the world. A traveler who is not vaccinated would be at risk for infection.
| Vaccination or Disease |
Recommendations or Requirements for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases |
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Routine |
Recommended if you are not up-to-date with routine shots such as, measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) vaccine, etc. |
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Hepatitis A
or immune globulin (IG) |
Recommended for all unvaccinated people traveling to or working in India-high risk country, where exposure might occur through food or water. Cases of travel-related hepatitis A can also occur in travelers to developing countries with "standard" tourist itineraries, accommodations, and food consumption behaviors. |
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Hepatitis B |
Recommended for all unvaccinated persons traveling to or working in India-with intermediate levels of endemic HBV transmission and who might be exposed to blood or body fluids, have sexual contact with the local population, or be exposed through medical treatment, such as for an accident, and for all adults requesting protection from HBV infection. |
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Typhoid |
Recommended for all unvaccinated people traveling to or working in India, especially if visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas and staying with friends or relatives where exposure might occur through food or water. |
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Rabies |
Recommended for travelers spending a lot of time outdoors, especially in rural areas, involved in activities such as bicycling, camping, hiking, or work. Also, children are considered at higher risk because they tend to play with animals and may not report bites. |
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Japanese encephalitis |
Recommended if you plan to visit rural farming areas and under special circumstances, such as a known outbreak of Japanese encephalitis, like if you traveling to all states in India except Arunachal, Dadra, Daman, Diu, Gujarat, Himachal, Jammu, Kashmir, Lakshadweep, Meghalaya, Nagar Haveli, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Sikkim. |
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Polio |
Recommended for adult travelers who have received a primary series with either inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or oral polio vaccine (OPV). They should receive another dose of IPV before departure. |
Required Vaccinations
Hepatitis A
If you are scheduling your trip after two weeks you need vaccination for Hep. A. But if you are traveling with in 2 weeks you need Immunization and immunoglobulin as well.
Malaria
Chloroquine once a week is acceptable prophylaxis, but India is considered as Chloroquine resistance so mefloquine or doxicycline is acceptable alternative. Person is pregnant than appropriate prophylaxis is atovaquone or proguanil.
Rabies
Required, if you need to handle animals or animal products. Rabies is given intramuscularly, as chloroquine given for Malaria can blunt the response of intradermal vaccine.
Yellow Fever
The only vaccine required by International Health Regulations is yellow fever vaccination for travel to certain countries in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. Meningococcal vaccination is required by the government of Saudi Arabia for annual travel during the Hajj. In India there is no need to take yellow fever vaccination except you are visiting to India from endemic Area for Yellow fever e.g. Caribbean, Americas, and Africa along with vaccination certificate.
Meningococcal Meningitis
required when person is traveling to northern part of India, or planning to stay in Dormitory.
Travelers¡¯ Diarrhea
To prevent travelers¡¯ diarrhea, avoid salad, unwashed fruit, drinking tap or ice water. If person have diarrhea without fever or blood in stool one can take loperamide.
Do you have altered immunocompetence due to illnesses such as diabetes or HIV?
If have altered immunocompetence due to any cause, Vaccine recommended to these persons are illustrated in table 2.
Table-2
Are you pregnant or breastfeeding?
Potential contraindication of travel in Pregnancy:-
A pregnant woman should be advised to travel with at least one companion; she should also be advised that, during her pregnancy, her level of comfort may be adversely affected by traveling. Typical problems of pregnant travelers are the same as those experienced by any pregnant woman: fatigue, heartburn, indigestion, constipation, vaginal discharge, leg cramps, increased frequency of urination, and hemorrhoids. During travel, pregnant women can take preventive measures including avoidance of gas-producing food or drinks before scheduled flights (entrapped gases can expand at higher altitudes) and periodic movement of the legs (to decrease venous stasis). Pregnant women should always use seatbelts while seated, as air turbulence is not predictable and may cause significant trauma.
Obstetrical |
General Medical Risk Factor |
Travel to potentially Hazard condition |
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History of miscarriage
Incompetent cervix
History of ectopic pregnancy (ectopic with current pregnancy should be ruled out before travel)
History of premature labor or premature rupture of membranes
History of or existing placental abnormalities
Threatened abortion or vaginal bleeding during current pregnancy
Multiple gestation in current pregnancy
Fetal growth abnormalities
History of toxemia, hypertension, or diabetes with any pregnancy
Primigravida at ¡Ý35 years of age or ¡Ü15 years of age |
History of thromboembolic disease
Pulmonary hypertension
Severe asthma or other chronic lung disease
Valvular heart disease (if NYHA class III or IV heart failure)
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Diabetes
Renal insufficiency
Severe anemia or hemoglobinopathy
Chronic organ system dysfunction requiring frequent medical interventions |
High altitudes
Areas endemic for or with ongoing outbreaks of life-threatening food- or insect borne infections
Areas where chloroquine resistant P. falciparum malaria is endemic
Areas where live virus vaccines are required and recommended |
Are you traveling with infants or children?
While many travel health issues for adults also apply to infants and children, they also have special needs that are to be considered when they travel.
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